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Education
Arlene Ross
received her Physical Therapy degree from the
University of Maryland in 1993. She earned a Master’s Degree in Dance
Theatre at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland">
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Education
Arlene Ross
received her Physical Therapy degree from the
University of Maryland in 1993. She earned a Master’s Degree in Dance
Theatre at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in 1974,
and a Bachelor’s Degree in History from Queens College in Flushing,
New York in 1969. Arlene became a Certified Muscular Therapist in 1979,
a Certified Teacher of the Alexander Technique in 1981 and a Certified
Practitioner of Zero-Balancing in 1983. Arlene is a licensed
Physical Therapist and a certified practitioner of Frequency
Specific Microcurrent.
Background & Experience
Arlene Ross currently
practices Physical Therapy at RiverHill Wellness. She
worked as a Physical Therapist at Central Maryland
Rehabilitation Center in Columbia, Maryland from 1995 to 2001, seeing a varied
patient population with both orthopedic and neurological problems. She worked
at Howard County General Hospital in the Physical Therapy Department from 1993
to 1995, working with both inpatient and outpatient populations. Arlene had a
private practice in Movement Therapy from 1979 to 1993, using the techniques
of Muscular Therapy, Zero-Balancing, Craniosacral Therapy and the Alexander
Technique of Movement Re-education. Arlene taught Movement Therapy at the
University of Maryland - Baltimore County as an adjunct professor from
1978-1982. She also taught elementary school in Buffalo, New York from
1969-1972, and Modern Dance in Columbia, Maryland from 1974-1977.
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MANUAL
THERAPY
Manual
Therapy is a form of Physical Therapy intervention
that encompasses various hands-on techniques that
decrease pain and minimize soft tissue and joint
restrictions. Arlene Ross,
Physical Therapist at
RiverHill
Wellness
Center
, employs the following gentle Manual Therapy
techniques: Zero-Balancing,
Craniosacral Therapy, Strain and Counterstrain,
Mulligan Joint Mobilization, and Functional Manual
Therapy.
- Zero-Balancing
– Zero-Balancing (ZB) is a hands-on
bodywork system designed to work simultaneously
with the structure and energy of the body.
Zero-balancing works through a touch at
“interface”, where the hands of the therapist
and the body of the patient meet mutually.
In the ZB system, this interface occurs at
specific bony points, referred to as foundation
or semi-foundation joints. Foundation
joints are the cranial sutures, sacroiliac
articulations, symphysis pubis, and intratarsal
and intracarpal articulations. They
are unique because their motion is of extremely
small range, involuntary and outside conscious
awareness. A small dysfunction here may result in
a significant limitation of the movement
potential of the individual. Semi-foundation
joints are the intervertebral articulations, rib
joints, clavicular articulations and
costochondral joints. They
differ from the foundation joints only in their
slightly larger range of motion and muscular
attachment. When imbalance is
detected, a specific method of contact called a
fulcrum is used to restore balance. In
a Zero-Balancing session the client remains
clothed. The session proceeds
through a protocol, with the therapist contacting
specific points at the pelvis, mid-back, low
back, hips, feet, ribs, shoulders, neck and
occiput. Areas of the body
where there is a loss of function or movement
potential through stress, injury or habit may be
restored to full vitality. Zero-Balancing
is particularly effective for treatment of neck
pain, back pain, upper trapezius pain and
headaches.
- Craniosacral
Therapy – Craniosacral Therapy is a
non-invasive and indirect approach to restoring
mobility to the central nervous system.
It embraces the concept that there is
mobility between the cranial bones, mobility
between the sacrum and ilia, and reciprocal
tension membranes called the dura that regulate
the movement in this system. Distortions
in the movement pattern of the cranium, the
sacrum and the dural membrane system can be
responsible for signs and symptoms locally and
distally. Craniosacral
rhythmic impulses, which occur at 6 to 12 cycles
per minute, can be felt throughout the body, but
are strongest when contacted at the cranial bones
or at the sacrum. A whole
series of holds designed to influence different
aspects of the system are utilized by the
therapist to alter bony or membrane restrictions.
This technique can successfully treat
problems such as headaches, back and neck pain,
and pain resulting from trauma to the head or
spine.
- Strain
and Counterstrain - Strain
and Counterstrain is an indirect and gentle
manual therapy technique that involves putting
painful and restricted areas of the body into
positions of greatest comfort. Pain is decreased
by decreasing the activity of the muscle
proprioceptors. Diagnosis is
made by the presence of specific tender points
that are found in painful muscles. These
tender points, which exist throughout the body,
are shut off by markedly shortening the painful
muscle that contains a malfunctioning muscle
spindle. The therapist holds
the position of comfort for 90 seconds, which
decreases the discharge in the muscle spindle and
allows the muscle to return to its normal length
. The muscle is then returned to neutral slowly,
allowing the new muscle length to fully establish
itself. Increased range of
motion, relief of pain, and improved joint
function results. Strain and
Counterstrain is useful for both acute and
chronic pain conditions, and its gentleness makes
it safe and effective for treating patients of
all ages.
- Mulligan
Joint Mobilization – This technique of
joint mobilization, also referred to as
“mobilization with movement”, is unique in
that it employs the movement of the patient to
help achieve the desired outcomes. Instead
of using thrusting techniques, the patient moves
in a specific direction as the therapist guides
the restricted body part to release. It
is a non-invasive and comfortable intervention,
and has applications for the spine and the
extremities. Mobilization with
movement has the potential to quickly restore
functional movements in joints, even after many
years of restriction.
- Functional
Manual Therapy – Functional Manual Therapy
is an approach to manual therapy that combines
several different techniques. Following
a systematic evaluation, the patient performs
gentle active movement while the therapist
simultaneously provides soft tissue mobilization
to the joint, muscle and fascia of the restricted
and painful area of the body. Functional
Manual Therapy takes into account the connection
between the central and peripheral nervous
systems. It is very effective
for treating chronic pain and joint restrictions
of the spine and extremities.
FREQUENCY
SPECIFIC MICROCURRENT
Frequency
Specific Microcurrent is a physical therapy
modality providing electric current in millionths
of an ampere. It has the ability
to relieve pain, increase the rate of wound
healing, increase protein synthesis, stimulate the
regeneration of injured tissue, stimulate lymphatic
flow and relieve myofascial trigger points.
Because microcurrent flows at one millionth
of an ampere, it is delivered on the same scale as
the current the body produces on its own in each
cell, and it is therefore physiologic. Microcurrent
is subsensory and cannot be felt while it is being
delivered because there is not enough current to
stimulate the sensory receptors. Traditional
electrotherapy units such as TENS, interferential
and high volt deliver current in milliamps, which a
higher level of current. They
can cause muscle contraction and microcurrent
cannot.
Microcurrent
increases ATP production by 500%. ATP
is the primary molecule from which our body
produces energy, and it is found in every cell of
the body, In a study done by
Ngok Cheng, M.D. entitled “The Effects of
Electric Current on ATP Generation, Protein
Synthesis and Membrane Transport in Rat Skin”, it
was demonstrated that ATP production increased five
times with currents from 50 uA to 1000 uA.
With currents exceeding 1000 uA,
which is the milliamp range, ATP production
leveled, and with 5000 uA ATP production was
reduced slightly. Microcurrent
was also shown to increase protein synthesis and
amino acid transport.
Frequency
Specific Microcurrent applied to injured tissue
supports the natural current flow in the tissue,
allowing cells in the traumatized area to regain
their capacitance, or flow of electrons.
Trauma affects the electrical potential of
the damaged cells. The injured
area has a higher electrical resistance than the
surrounding tissue. This
decreases electrical conductance through the
injured area, and decreases cellular capacitance,
leading to impairment of the healing process and
inflammation. When microcurrent
is applied, resistance is reduced, allowing
bioelectricity to flow through and reestablish
normal function. This process
helps to initiate and perpetuate the many
biochemical reactions that occur in healing.
In Frequency Specific Microcurrent, specific
frequencies are used for varying tissues and
conditions, often providing softening of the tissue
and decreased pain. This
softening and the pain relief that comes with it
seems to be long lasting and in many cases
permanent.
Frequency
Specific Microcurrent may be beneficial for the
following conditions:
THE
ALEXANDER TECHNIQUE
The
Alexander Technique is a form of postural
re-education directed at improving our daily
movement activities. Poor
postural habits are a primary cause of pain and
injury. F. Matthias Alexander,
an actor who solved his own problem of repeated
loss of voice, developed the technique in the
1890’s. Students of the
Alexander Technique learn to observe themselves in
action and to become aware of their particular
tension and movement patterns. Activities
such as walking, standing, sitting at a computer,
driving a car, playing a musical instrument,
cooking, lifting, jogging, playing golf, etc., are
observed in the patient and evaluated as to their
potential to cause pain and dysfunction if not
performed correctly. Once the
patient becomes aware of their incorrect
performance of any particular activity, they can
begin to change the organization of their movement
behavior. The patient is
encouraged to become aware of their movement habits
and to change to newer and easier ways of moving
that they have learned from the therapist.
Teachers of
the Alexander Technique are trained to sense
tension in the patient’s body, and through gentle
touch to encourage freely flowing movement.
Patients are guided to understand,
kinesthetically, the directions of body
organization that help to create ease of movement.
For example, the head-spine relationship is
crucial to proper body alignment. Downward
pressure of the skull on the spine exaggerates the
natural curve of the spine, contributing to
lordosis, kyphosis, or scoliosis. The
weight of the head pressing down on the spine
encourages a pattern of compression for the whole
body. The Alexander Teacher
guides the student’s head to move in the upward
direction so that the spine can lengthen in both
headward and tailward positions. This
release of the spine expands the middle back,
helping the lower back and ribs to spread on
inhalation. Lengthening the
spine is not the same as holding it straight.
Holding the back flat or the spine straight
reduces flexibility. The spine
can lengthen while it is curving and twisting
because the vertebrae are being afforded more space
in which to separate.
The
Alexander Teacher guides the patient to direct
their energy and movement for all areas of the body
and for any activity that the patient performs.
After repeated guided kinesthetic
experiences, students of the Alexander Technique
come to sense their former static tensions as
uncomfortable and alien. New
movement patterns replace old patterns of misuse
that may cause pain and dysfunction. These
new movement patterns facilitate the improvements
that the patient is making in physical therapy, and
help to prevent problems from arising in the
future.
THERAPEUTIC
EXERCISE
Therapeutic
Exercise is an integral part of the practice of
physical therapy. It is
important for patients to have strong and
lengthened muscles, flexible joints, and good
aerobic conditioning. Patients
often incur injuries due to tight and weak muscles
and restriction at the joints, and these problems
must be addressed as part of the therapeutic
process. Four kinds of exercise
are important for an overall exercise program:
stretching exercise, strengthening exercise,
flexibility exercise, and aerobic exercise.
These exercises are introduced at
appropriate times during the therapeutic process.
For example, a patient who has recently had
a repair of the rotator cuff tendons of the
shoulder must adhere to a specific protocol of
exercise progression to protect the integrity of
the surgical intervention. Exercises
are gradually introduced to stretch and strengthen
the tissue and enhance joint mobility, while still
protecting the joint. If a
patient has suffered a back injury, gentle
stretching exercises are generally introduced early
on, and these progress as the patient improves.
Strengthening and aerobic exercise will be
recommended as the back pain decreases and trunk
and hip mobility increases. All
therapeutic exercise programs taught at the RiverHill
Wellness
Center
are individualized for the particular needs of the
patient. They are aimed at
facilitating the healing process and preventing the
pain or injury problem from returning.
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